PrOgnosis in Pulmonary Embolism (PoPE): 30-Day mortality risk score based on five admission parameters.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Several scoring systems have been developed for risk stratification in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) and its simplified version (sPESI) are among the most used, however the high number of variables hinder its application. Our aim was to derive an easy-to-perform score based on simple parameters obtained at admission to predict 30-day mortality in acute PE patients. METHODS: Retrospective study in 1115 patients with acute PE from two institutions (derivation cohort n=835, validation cohort n=280). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 30 days. Statistically and clinically relevant variables were selected for multivariable Cox regression analysis. We derived and validated a multivariable risk score model and compared to other established scores. RESULTS: The primary endpoint occurred in 207 patients (18.6%). Our model included five variables weighted as follows: modified shock index ≥1.1 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.57, 1.68-3.92, p<0.001), active cancer (HR 2.27, 1.45-3.56, p<0.001), altered mental state (HR 3.82, 2.50-5.83, p<0.001), serum lactate concentration ≥2.50 mmol/L (HR 5.01, 3.25-7.72, p<0.001), and age ≥80 years (HR 1.95, 1.26-3.03, p=0.003). The prognostic ability was superior to other scores (area under curve [AUC] 0.83 [0.79-0.87] vs 0.72 [0.67-0.79] in PESI and 0.70 [0.62-0.75] in sPESI, p<0.001) and its performance in the validation cohort was deemed good (73 events in 280 patients, 26.1%, AUC=0.76, 0.71-0.82, p<0.0001) and superior to other scores (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The PoPE score (https://tinyurl.com/ybsnka8s) is an easy tool with superior performance to predict early mortality in patients admitted for PE with non-high-risk PE.

Modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED como ferramenta para diagnósticos social e epidemiológico de trabalhadores da saúde com COVID-19 / PRECEDE-PROCEED model as a tool for social and epidemiological diagnoses of health workers with COVID-19 / Modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED como herramienta para el diagnóstico social y epidemiológico de los trabajadores de la salud con COVID-19

Objetivo: evidenciar os diagnósticos social e epidemiológico de trabalhadores da saúde atuantes na pandemia e acometidos por COVID-19, aplicando modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED. Métodos: estudo documental, quantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, desenvolvido a partir do modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED, que norteia intervenções, partindo do diagnóstico faseado para implementar ações. Dados obtidos em 215 prontuários de trabalhadores com COVID-19, atendidos no serviço ocupacional hospitalar em Macapá, entre 2020 e 2021. Resultados: diagnóstico social: mulheres (81,9%), pardas/pretas (79%), idade entre 40/55 anos (53,4%), técnicas de enfermagem (40%), da nefrologia (10,2%), vínculo estadual/federal (91,6%) superior a 10 anos (60,4%). Diagnóstico Epidemiológico: cefaleia (53,5%), tosse (51,6%), febre (47,9%). Teste rápido (76,3%), atendimento ambulatorial (90,2%), afastamento de 8 a 14 dias (45,1%), 100% curados, sequelas em 12,6%. Sem diferença significativa quanto ao afastamento por função exercida. Dispneia, dor torácica e sequelas da doença tem maior chance de afastamento. Conclusão: a aplicação do modelo possibilita planejar ações de conscientização/prevenção sobre risco, adoecimento, acidente laboral e cuidados à saúde dos trabalhadores.

Objective: to highlight the social and epidemiological diagnoses of health workers working in the pandemic and affected by COVID-19, applying the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Methods: documentary, quantitative, observational, retrospective study, developed based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, which guides interventions, starting from phased diagnosis to implement actions. Data obtained from 215 medical records of workers with COVID-19, treated at the hospital occupational service in Macapá, between 2020 and 2021. Results: social diagnosis: women (81.9%), brown/black (79%), aged between 40/ 55 years old (53.4%), nursing technicians (40%), nephrology (10.2%), state/federal employment (91.6%) for more than 10 years (60.4%). Epidemiological Diagnosis: headache (53.5%), cough (51.6%), fever (47.9%). Rapid test (76.3%), outpatient care (90.2%), sick leave of 8 to 14 days (45.1%), 100% cured, sequelae in 12.6%. No significant difference in terms of leave by function performed. Dyspnea, chest pain and sequelae of the disease have a greater chance of sick leave. Conclusion: the application of the model makes it possible to plan awareness/prevention actions regarding risk, illness, occupational accidents and workers' health care.

Objetivo: visibilizar los diagnósticos social y epidemiológico de los trabajadores de la salud que trabajan en la pandemia y afectados por el COVID-19, aplicando el modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED. Métodos: estudio documental, cuantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, desarrollado con base en el modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED, que orienta las intervenciones, a partir del diagnóstico por fases para implementar de acciones. Los datos se obtuvieron de 215 historias clínicas de trabajadores con COVID-19, atendidos en el servicio ocupacional hospitalario de Macapá, entre 2020 y 2021. Resultados: diagnóstico social: mujeres (81,9%), morenas/negras (79%), edades entre 40/ 55 años (53,4%), técnicos en enfermería (40%), del área de nefrología (10,2%), empleo estatal/federal (91,6%) con más de 10 años (60,4%). Diagnóstico Epidemiológico: dolor de cabeza (53,5%), tos (51,6%), fiebre (47,9%). Prueba rápida (76,3%), atención ambulatoria (90,2%), baja laboral de 8 a 14 días (45,1%), 100% curados, secuelas en un 12,6%. No hay diferencia significativa en términos de licencias por función desempeñada. La disnea, el dolor torácico y las secuelas de la enfermedad tienen mayor probabilidad de ocasionar la baja laboral. Conclusiones: la aplicación del modelo permite planificar acciones de concienciación/prevención en cuanto al riesgo, enfermedades, accidentes laborales y atención de la salud de los trabajadores.

Long-Term Assessment of Treatment Timing for Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Facemask Therapy Followed by Fixed Appliances: A Multicenter Retro-Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND: to determine the role of treatment timing in the long-term effects produced by rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy (RME/FM) in Class III patients. METHODS: This study compared two sample groups treated with RME/FM followed by fixed appliances: the early prepubertal group (EPG) (17 patients; mean age before treatment (T0), 5.8 ± 0.7 years; range, 4.3-6.9 years) and the late prepubertal group (LPG) (17 patients; mean age at T0, 10.1 ± 0.8 years; range, 9.0-11.1 years). Lateral cephalograms for the two groups were examined before treatment (T0) and at a long-term observation (T1) (EPG, 19.8 ± 1.0 years; LPG, 21.0 ± 2.1 years). Independent sample t-tests were performed to compare the two groups at T0 and T1. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found for any of the cephalometric variables at T0, except for the total mandibular length, overjet, and inclination of the maxillary incisors to the palatal plane, which were greater in the LPG. At T1, no statistically significant differences were detected for any of the cephalometric variables. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant long-term differences when treating Class III patients with RME/FM, either during an early prepubertal phase (≤7 years of age) or during a late prepubertal phase (≥9 years of age).

Temporal patterns of cytokine and injury biomarkers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with methylprednisolone.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents with complex pathophysiological effects in various organ systems. Following the COVID-19, there are shifts in biomarker and cytokine equilibrium associated with altered physiological processes arising from viral damage or aggressive immunological response. We hypothesized that high daily dose methylprednisolone improved the injury biomarkers and serum cytokine profiles in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Injury biomarker and cytokine analysis was performed on 50 SARS-Cov-2 negative controls and 101 hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients: 49 methylprednisolone-treated (MP group) and 52 placebo-treated serum samples. Samples from the treated groups collected on days D1 (pre-treatment) all the groups, D7 (2 days after ending therapy) and D14 were analyzed. Luminex assay quantified the biomarkers HMGB1, FABP3, myoglobin, troponin I and NTproBNP. Immune mediators (CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-12p70, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, and IL-1ß) were quantified using cytometric bead array. Results: At pretreatment, the two treatment groups were comparable demographically. At pre-treatment (D1), injury biomarkers (HMGB1, TnI, myoglobin and FABP3) were distinctly elevated. At D7, HMGB1 was significantly higher in the MP group (p=0.0448) compared to the placebo group, while HMGB1 in the placebo group diminished significantly by D14 (p=0.0115). Compared to healthy control samples, several immune mediators (IL-17A, IL-6, IL-10, MIG, MCP-1, and IP-10) were considerably elevated at baseline (all p≤0.05). At D7, MIG and IP-10 of the MP-group were significantly lower than in the placebo-group (p=0.0431, p=0.0069, respectively). Longitudinally, IL-2 (MP-group) and IL-17A (placebo-group) had increased significantly by D14. In placebo group, IL-2 and IL-17A continuously increased, as IL-12p70, IL-10 and IP-10 steadily decreased during follow-up. The MP treated group had IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-12p70 progressively increase while IL-1ß and IL-10 gradually decreased towards D14. Moderate to strong positive correlations between chemokines and cytokines were observed on D7 and D14. Conclusion: These findings suggest MP treatment could ameliorate levels of myoglobin and FABP3, but appeared to have no impact on HMGB1, TnI and NTproBNP. In addition, methylprednisolone relieves the COVID-19 induced inflammatory response by diminishing MIG and IP-10 levels. Overall, corticosteroid (methylprednisolone) use in COVID-19 management influences the immunological molecule and injury biomarker profile in COVID-19 patients.

A predictive model for ammonium removal in polishing ponds operated in sequential bath mode.

The magnitude of pH changes in polishing ponds can be predicted by simple stoichiometric rules if the extent of processes affecting this parameter is known. Thus, the objective of this article was to develop a model that predicts pH variation and ammonia desorption in polishing ponds in sequential batches, depending on the rates of processes that affect pH in ponds and to evaluate the influence of temperature and depth on these processes. As the temperature conditions change during the year, for model validation, tests were carried out under two medium temperature conditions (hot period and cold period) and four lakes with depths between 0.2 and 1.0 m. The proposed model is validated by the good correspondence between the simulated and experimentally obtained values for the two temperature conditions and for both periods. For the hot period, the model excelled, presenting a high linear correlation, always with R 2 above 0.90 for all ponds. For the cold period, the lowest R 2 obtained was 0.74 for the four lakes. Thus, the proposed model is suitable to describe the pH variation and ammonia desorption in polishing ponds in sequential batches, at all analyzed depths and under both temperature conditions.

Effect of direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists or warfarin in patients with left ventricular thrombus outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Left ventricular thrombus commonly occurs as a complication of acute anterior myocardial infarction and nonischemic cardiomyopathies with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Its frequency is still high despite medical advances. Current guidelines recommend the use of vitamin k antagonists as first-line therapy, however, the off-label use of direct oral anticoagulants is becoming more frequent and attractive, given the better pharmacological and clinical profile, with the improvement of the patient's quality of life. AIM: To provide an update on the currently existing evidence regarding the outcomes of efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) as first-line therapy in left ventricular thrombus, in comparison to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the effects of direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists on left ventricular thrombi and on the results was performed. RESULTS: Fourteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 2498 patients (n=631 direct oral anticoagulants and n=1867 for VKAs). No significant differences were found in efficacy and safety outcomes (odds ratio (OR) 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55-1.33; p=0.50; I2=32%) and (OR 1.0; 95% CI, 0.78-1.30; p=0.93; I2=2%) respectively. No difference was noted in all-cause mortality (OR 0.92; 95% CI, 0.58-1.45; p=0.74; I2=0%). Thrombus resolution was observed in 288/416 in direct oral anticoagulants vs. 732/1085 patients treated with VKAs (OR 1.14; 95% CI, 0.77-1.66; p=0.50; I2=33%). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this meta-analysis suggest the potential utility of DOACs as a first-line strategy in patients with left ventricular thrombus.

Autonomia do paciente ante a vacinação contra covid-19 / Patient autonomy regarding the COVID-19 vaccine / Autonomía del paciente ante la vacunación contra la covid-19

Resumo A pandemia de covid-19 causou uma grave crise de saúde pública e a vacinação se tornou uma importante ação para o enfrentamento da doença. Entretanto, a hesitação vacinal representa uma barreira no esforço para alcançar a imunidade coletiva. Deve-se considerar que tal recusa é um direito decorrente da autonomia do paciente e pode ser influenciada por fatores como política, confiança nos governantes, ceticismo em relação à indústria farmacêutica e exposição midiática, no contexto da pandemia. Diante disso, conhecer tais aspectos faz-se necessário a fim de minimizar esse problema e promover maior aceitação da vacina, por meio de amplos esforços das autoridades de saúde pública.

Abstract Amidst the serious public health crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination became a key measure to combat the disease; however, vaccination refusal or hesitancy hinders the efforts to reach collective immunity. Such refusal is a right arising from patient autonomy and can be influenced by political factors, trust in governments, skepticism towards the pharmaceutical industry, and media exposure. Thus, knowledge of these aspects added to public health efforts is paramount to mitigate refusal and promote vaccination acceptance.

Resumen La pandemia de la covid-19 causó una grave crisis de salud pública, y la vacunación es una acción importante para enfrentar la enfermedad. Sin embargo, la vacilación ante la vacuna representa una barrera en el esfuerzo por lograr la inmunidad colectiva. Se puede considerar que esta negativa es un derecho que surge de la autonomía del paciente y que puede estar influenciada por los factores como la política, la confianza en los gobernantes, el escepticismo hacia la industria farmacéutica y la exposición a los medios en el contexto de la pandemia. Por lo tanto, conocer estos aspectos es necesario para minimizar el problema y promover una mayor aceptación de la vacuna mediante un gran esfuerzo por parte de las autoridades de salud pública.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by C. glabrata / Pielonefrite enfisematosa por C. glabrata

Abstract Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare acute necrotizing infection of the kidney and surrounding tissues, with gas in the renal parenchyma, collecting system or perirenal tissue. The bacterial etiology predominates; mainly Gram-negative bacilli; Candida spp. and C. albicans are rarely described. We describe a case of EPN caused by C. glabrata, sensitive to fluconazole in a young, hypertensive woman with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM), with renal dysfunction upon admission; her abdominal CT scan found a volumetric increase in the left kidney, signs of gas collections and perirenal blurring. Despite the antimicrobial therapy instituted, due to clinical refractoriness, a double J catheter and subsequent total nephrectomy were indicated, with good postoperative evolution. Her uroculture showed C. glabrata sensitive to fluconazole, and the pathology study showed tubular atrophy and intense interstitial inflammatory infiltrate. Despite the serious, potentially fatal condition, we could control the infection and the patient recovered fully. Poor DM management is an important triggering factor, and it is of great relevance to identify the EPN through imaging exams due to the peculiarities of its clinical and potentially surgical management

Resumo A pielonefrite enfisematosa (PNE) é uma infecção aguda rara necrotizante do rim e dos tecidos adjacentes, com presença de gás no parênquima renal, sistema coletor ou tecido perirrenal. Predomina a etiologia bacteriana, principalmente bacilos Gram-negativos; Candida spp. e na maioria das vezes C. albicans são raramente descritas. Descreve-se um caso de PNE causada por C. glabrata sensível a fluconazol em mulher jovem, hipertensa e com diabetes mellitus (DM) não diagnosticada, com disfunção renal à admissão; tomografia computadorizada de abdome constatou aumento volumétrico do rim esquerdo, sinais de coleções gasosas e borramento perirrenal. Apesar da terapia antimicrobiana instituída, devido à refratariedade clínica, foi indicado cateter duplo J e posterior nefrectomia total, com boa evolução pós-operatória. A urocultura evidenciou C. glabrata sensível a fluconazol, e o anatomopatológico demonstrou atrofia tubular e intenso infiltrado inflamatório intersticial. Apesar da condição grave, potencialmente fatal, houve controle do foco infeccioso e plena recuperação da paciente. O mau manejo do DM é um importante fator desencadeante, e é de grande relevância identificar a PNE por meio de exames de imagem devido às peculiaridades de seu manejo clínico e potencialmente cirúrgico.

Contemporary prevalence of coronary artery disease in patients referred for heart valve surgery.

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing heart valve surgery are routinely evaluated for the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Currently, concomitant valve intervention and surgical revascularization is recommended when there is obstructive CAD. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of CAD, its treatment strategies, and their prognostic implications in a contemporary population of patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) referred for valve surgery (HVS). METHODS: In a multicenter registry, consecutive patients with formal indication for HVS referred for a preoperative routine invasive coronary angiogram (ICA) were analyzed. Baseline characteristics, CAD prevalence and revascularization patterns, as well as their impact on short and mid-term all-cause mortality, were assessed. RESULTS: Overall, 1133 patients were included; most had aortic stenosis (69%) and obstructive CAD was present in 307 (27.1%). HVS was ultimately performed in 82.3%. In patients with CAD, 53.4% were revascularized. After a mean follow-up time of 29.06±18.46 months, all-cause mortality rate was 12.9%. In multivariate analysis, not having HVS (HR 6.845, 95% CI=4.281-10.947, P<0.001), obstructive CAD (HR 2.762, 95% CI=1.764-4.326, P<0.01), COPD (HR 2.043, 95% CI=1.014-4.197, P=0.022), and age (HR 1.030, 95% CI=1.009-1.063, P=0.047), were independent predictors of all-cause mortality. In patients with obstructive CAD who underwent HVS, revascularization was not significantly associated with survival (HR 2.127, 95% CI=0.0-4.494, P=0.048; log rank P=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: In a contemporary cohort of patients with VHD and surgical indication, overall obstructive CAD prevalence was 27%. CAD presence and severity were associated with higher mortality. However, revascularization was not associated with a survival benefit, except in patients with left anterior descending artery disease.

Effectiveness of reciprocating and rotary retreatment files in the removal of endodontic filling material.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a reciprocating file (Reciproc) and a rotary retreatment file (Mtwo retreatment [Mtwo-R]) for the removal of filling material during root canal retreatment. A total of 30 mandibular molars with a mesial root curvature between 20° and 40° were selected and prepared using a Reciproc R25 file. The canals were filled using the lateral condensation technique and a root canal sealer. The specimens were randomly allocated into 2 groups according to the retreatment technique used (n = 15): a Reciproc R25 file or Mtwo-R 15/.05 and 25/.05 files. After retreatment, the specimens were longitudinally sectioned and photographed with an operating microscope under ×10 magnification. The percentage of total remaining filling material and the percentages in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the specimens were calculated. The Student t test was used for statistical comparisons of the 2 groups, and the analysis of variance followed by Tukey test was used to verify differences among the root thirds within each group. No statistically significant difference between the 2 groups was detected in the percentage of total remaining filling material (P = 0.87) or the percentage in any of the thirds of the root canals (P > 0.05) after reinstrumentation. In both groups, there was a significantly greater amount of remaining material in the apical third (P < 0.05). The results suggested that there is no difference between the 2 systems in their effectiveness at removing filling material.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by C. glabrata.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare acute necrotizing infection of the kidney and surrounding tissues, with gas in the renal parenchyma, collecting system or perirenal tissue. The bacterial etiology predominates; mainly Gram-negative bacilli; Candida spp. and C. albicans are rarely described. We describe a case of EPN caused by C. glabrata, sensitive to fluconazole in a young, hypertensive woman with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM), with renal dysfunction upon admission; her abdominal CT scan found a volumetric increase in the left kidney, signs of gas collections and perirenal blurring. Despite the antimicrobial therapy instituted, due to clinical refractoriness, a double J catheter and subsequent total nephrectomy were indicated, with good postoperative evolution. Her uroculture showed C. glabrata sensitive to fluconazole, and the pathology study showed tubular atrophy and intense interstitial inflammatory infiltrate. Despite the serious, potentially fatal condition, we could control the infection and the patient recovered fully. Poor DM management is an important triggering factor, and it is of great relevance to identify the EPN through imaging exams due to the peculiarities of its clinical and potentially surgical management.

Adoption and patterns of use of invasive physiological assessment of coronary artery disease in a large cohort of 40821 real-world procedures over a 12-year period.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Use of invasive physiological assessment in patients with coronary artery disease varies widely and is perceived to be low. We aimed to examine adoption rates as well as patterns and determinants of use in an unselected population undergoing invasive coronary angiography over a long time frame. METHODS: We retrospectively determined the per-procedure prevalence of physiological assessment in 40821 coronary cases performed between 2007 and 2018 in two large-volume centers. Adoption was examined according to procedure type and patient- and operator-related variables. Its association with relevant scientific landmarks, such as the release of clinical trial results and practice guidelines, was also assessed. RESULTS: Overall adoption was low, ranging from 0.6% in patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography due to underlying valve disease, to 6% in the setting of stable coronary artery disease (CAD); it was 3.1% in patients sustaining an acute coronary syndrome. Of scientific landmarks, FAME 1, the long-term results of FAME 2 and the 2014 European myocardial revascularization guidelines were associated with changes in practice. Publication of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) trials had no influence on adoption rates, except for a higher proportion of iFR use. In 42.9% of stable CAD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention there was no objective non-invasive evidence of ischemia, nor was physiological assessment performed. Younger operator age (4.5% vs. 4.0% vs. 0.9% for ages <40, 40-55 and >55 years, respectively; p<0.001) and later time of procedure during the day (2.9% between 6 and 8 p.m. vs. 4.4% at other times) were independent correlates of use of invasive physiology. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms the low use of invasive physiology in routine practice. The availability of resting indices did not increase adoption. Strategies are warranted to promote guideline implementation and to improve patient care and clinical outcomes.

Acute myocardial infarction on YouTube - is it all fake news?

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Internet is a fundamental aspect of health information. However, the absence of quality control encourages misinformation. We aim to assess the relevance and quality of acute myocardial infarction videos shared on YouTube (www.youtube.com) in Portuguese. METHODS: We analyzed 1,000 videos corresponding to the first 100 search results on YouTube using the following terms (in Portuguese): "cardiac + arrest"; "heart + attack"; "heart + thrombosis"; "coronary + thrombosis"; "infarction - brain", "myocardial + infarction" and "acute + myocardial + infarction". Irrelevant (n=316), duplicated (n=345), without audio (n=24) or non-Portuguese (n=106) videos were excluded. Included videos were assessed according to source, topic, target audience and scientific inaccuracies. Quality of information was assessed using The Health on the Net Code (HONCode from 0 to 8) and DISCERN (from 0 to 5) scores - the higher the score, the better the quality. RESULTS: 242 videos were included. The majority were from independent instructors (n=95, 39.0%) and were addressed to the general population (n=202, 83.5%). One third of the videos (n=79) contained inaccuracies while scientific society and governmental/health institution videos had no inaccuracies. The mean video quality was poor or moderate; only one video was good quality without any inaccuracies. Governmental/health institutions were the source with the best quality videos (HONCode 4±1, DISCERN 2±1). CONCLUSIONS: One third of the videos had irrelevant information and one third of the relevant ones contained inaccuracies. The average video quality was poor; therefore it is important to define strategies to improve the quality of online health information.

Adoption and patterns of use of invasive physiological assessment of coronary artery disease in a large cohort of 40821 real-world procedures over a 12-year period.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Use of invasive physiological assessment in patients with coronary artery disease varies widely and is perceived to be low. We aimed to examine adoption rates as well as patterns and determinants of use in an unselected population undergoing invasive coronary angiography over a long time frame. METHODS: We retrospectively determined the per-procedure prevalence of physiological assessment in 40821 coronary cases performed between 2007 and 2018 in two large-volume centers. Adoption was examined according to procedure type and patient- and operator-related variables. Its association with relevant scientific landmarks, such as the release of clinical trial results and practice guidelines, was also assessed. RESULTS: Overall adoption was low, ranging from 0.6% in patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography due to underlying valve disease, to 6% in the setting of stable coronary artery disease (CAD); it was 3.1% in patients sustaining an acute coronary syndrome. Of scientific landmarks, FAME 1, the long-term results of FAME 2 and the 2014 European myocardial revascularization guidelines were associated with changes in practice. Publication of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) trials had no influence on adoption rates, except for a higher proportion of iFR use. In 42.9% of stable CAD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention there was no objective non-invasive evidence of ischemia, nor was physiological assessment performed. Younger operator age (4.5% vs. 4.0% vs. 0.9% for ages <40, 40-55 and >55 years, respectively; p<0.001) and later time of procedure during the day (2.9% between 6 and 8 p.m. vs. 4.4% at other times) were independent correlates of use of invasive physiology. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms the low use of invasive physiology in routine practice. The availability of resting indices did not increase adoption. Strategies are warranted to promote guideline implementation and to improve patient care and clinical outcomes.

A reversible cause of left ventricular dysfunction: Case report and brief review.

The authors describe a case of a patient admitted to the emergency department with diabetic ketoacidosis. Although there were no symptoms attributable to the cardiovascular system, lab tests revealed elevated troponin I and natriuretic peptides, coupled with repolarization abnormalities on the ECG. The transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed a non-dilated left ventricle with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction due to diffuse hypokinesia, and a concomitant diagnosis of profile L heart failure was proposed. Etiologic investigation was negative, and when a new TTE was performed seven days after the first, left ventricular function was normal. Although rarely considered, metabolic and electrolyte disorders, especially diabetic ketoacidosis, can be a cause of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. This is another way diabetes can have an impact on the cardiovascular system.

Acute myocardial infarction on YouTube - Is it all fake news? / Enfarte agudo do miocárdio no YouTube ­ Is it all fake news?

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Internet is a fundamental aspect of health information. However, the absence of quality control encourages misinformation. We aim to assess the relevance and quality of acute myocardial infarction videos shared on YouTube (www.youtube.com) in Portuguese. METHODS: We analyzed 1,000 videos corresponding to the first 100 search results on YouTube using the following terms (in Portuguese): "cardiac + arrest"; "heart + attack"; "heart + thrombosis"; "coronary + thrombosis"; "infarction - brain", "myocardial + infarction" and "acute + myocardial + infarction". Irrelevant (n=316), duplicated (n=345), without audio (n=24) or non-Portuguese (n=106) videos were excluded. Included videos were assessed according to source, topic, target audience and scientific inaccuracies. Quality of information was assessed using The Health on the Net Code (HONCode from 0 to 8) and DISCERN (from 0 to 5) scores - the higher the score, the better the quality. RESULTS: 242 videos were included. The majority were from independent instructors (n=95, 39.0%) and were addressed to the general population (n=202, 83.5%). One third of the videos (n=79) contained inaccuracies while scientific society and governmental/health institution videos had no inaccuracies. The mean video quality was poor or moderate; only one video was good quality without any inaccuracies. Governmental/health institutions were the source with the best quality videos (HONCode 4±1, DISCERN 2±1). CONCLUSIONS: One third of the videos had irrelevant information and one third of the relevant ones contained inaccuracies. The average video quality was poor; therefore it is important to define strategies to improve the quality of online health information.

A reversible cause of left ventricular dysfunction: Case report and brief review. / Uma causa reversível de disfunção ventricular esquerda: caso clínico e breve revisão.

The authors describe a case of a patient admitted to the emergency department with diabetic ketoacidosis. Although there were no symptoms attributable to the cardiovascular system, lab tests revealed elevated troponin I and natriuretic peptides, coupled with repolarization abnormalities on the ECG. The transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed a non-dilated left ventricle with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction due to diffuse hypokinesia, and a concomitant diagnosis of profile L heart failure was proposed. Etiologic investigation was negative, and when a new TTE was performed seven days after the first, left ventricular function was normal. Although rarely considered, metabolic and electrolyte disorders, especially diabetic ketoacidosis, can be a cause of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. This is another way diabetes can have an impact on the cardiovascular system.

Comparative study of two histopathological classifications for oral squamous cell carcinoma / Estudo comparativo de duas classificações histopatológicas para carcinoma de células escamosas bucal

ABSTRACT Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common tumor among all cancers in the oral cavity. Despite advances, the prognosis of this neoplasm remains a challenge for professionals. Faced with this situation, several studies try to associate the histopathological analysis with prognosis, so that therapeutic planning becomes more accurate. Objectives: This research aimed to conduct an epidemiological study of oral SCC and classify them histopathological assessment according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Budding and Depth of Invasion (BD) model. A retrospective research was conducted. Methodology: Data from medical records filed at UOPECCAN Hospital between 2009 and 2015 were analyzed. The sample consisted of 57 patients. Epidemiological data were collected and the blocks were rescued and cut for histopathological analysis. Associations were performed using the chi-square test with a significance level of 5% (p = 0.05) by the GraphPad Prism program. The two histopathological analyzes were correlated using Spearman's statistical test. Results: After analyzing the samples, we found a higher prevalence of oral SCC in male smokers aged above 40 years. There was no correlation between the BD and WHO methods. The WHO classification was significantly associated with age (p = 0.03), and follow-up care (p = 0.05). However, the BD model associated lymph node involvement (p = 0.005) and clinical staging (p = 0.005). Conclusion: The BD classification was more objective for histopathological analysis and may be an important tool for analyzing patient prognosis, assisting in the treatment decision.

RESUMEN Introducción: El carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE), denominado además carcinoma epidermoide, es el tumor más común entre todos los cánceres de la cavidad oral. A pesar de los avances, el pronóstico de esta neoplasia sigue siendo un desafío para los cirujanos/profesionales/clínicos. Ante esta situación, varios estudios intentan asociar el análisis histopatológico con el pronóstico, para que la planificación terapéutica sea más precisa. Objectivos: Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar un estudio epidemiológico del CCE oral y clasificarlo histopatológicamente de acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y el modelo Budding and Depth of Invasion (BD). Se realizó una investigación retrospectiva. Metodología: Se analizaron los datos de las historias clínicas archivadas en el Hospital UOPECCAN entre 2009 y 2015. La muestra estuvo formada por 57 pacientes. Se recolectaron datos epidemiológicos y los bloques fueron rescatados y cortados para análisis histopatológico. Las asociaciones se realizaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado con un nivel de significancia del 5% (p = 0.05) por el programa GraphPad Prism. Los dos análisis histopatológicos se correlacionaron mediante la prueba estadística de Spearman. Resultados: Tras analizar las muestras, encontramos una mayor prevalencia de CCE oral en varones fumadores mayores de 40 años. No hubo correlación entre los métodos BD y OMS. La clasificación de la OMS se asoció significativamente con la edad (p = 0,03) y seguimiento del del tratamiento (p = 0,05). Sin embargo, el modelo de BD asoció la afectación de los ganglios linfáticos (p = 0,005) y la estadificación clínica (p = 0,005). Conclusión: La clasificación BD fue más objetiva para el análisis histopatológico y puede ser una herramienta importante para analizar el pronóstico del paciente, asistiendo en la decisión del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) é o tumor mais frequente entre todos os cânceres localizados na cavidade bucal. Apesar dos avanços, o prognóstico dessa neoplasia ainda é um desafio para os cirurgiões. Diante dessa situação, vários estudos tentam associar a análise histopatológica ao prognóstico, a fim de que os planejamentos terapêuticos se tornem mais precisos. Objetivos: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar o estudo epidemiológico dos CCEs e classificá-los histopatologicamente conforme a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e o modelo "Budding and Depth of Invasion" (BD). Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado. Metodologia: Foram analisados dados dos prontuários arquivados no Hospital UOPECCAN entre 2009 e 2015. A amostra foi composta por 57 pacientes. Os dados epidemiológicos foram coletados e os blocos resgatados e cortados para análise histopatológica. As associações foram realizadas por meio do teste qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5% (p = 0,05) pelo programa GraphPad Prism. As duas análises histopatológicas foram correlacionadas por meio do teste estatístico de Spearman. Resultados: Após análise das amostras, verificamos mais prevalência de CCE nos pacientes fumantes do sexo masculino com idade superior a 40 anos. Não houve correlação entre os métodos BD e OMS. A classificação da OMS apresentou associação significante com a idade (p = 0,03) e a sequência de tratamento (p = 0,05). Já o modelo BD associou comprometimento linfonodal (p = 0,005) e estadiamento clínico (p = 0,005). Conclusão: A classificação BD foi mais objetiva para a análise histopatológica e pode ser uma importante ferramenta para análise do prognóstico do paciente, auxiliando na decisão do tratamento.

Ventricular tachycardia induced by pacing algorithm designed to avoid atrial fibrillation.

A patient with a dual chamber pacemaker was admitted to the emergency room after out-of-hospital cardioversion for syncopal sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Device interrogation revealed an abnormally timed ventricular spike after a ventricular premature beat at the beginning of the event, caused by a pacemaker algorithm designed to avoid atrial fibrillation, non-competitive atrial pacing. Despite the absence of significant coronary lesions, in the setting of a vulnerable substrate - a hypokinetic and hyperechogenic region of ventricular myocardium - an upgrade to a dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator was performed, and substrate ablation was planned.